[7] Lynics – Audyt bezpieczeństwa
13 marca 2022Zainstaluj Lynis, który jest narzędziem audytu bezpieczeństwa.
[1] Zainstaluj Lynisa.
[root@vlsr01 ~]# dnf --enablerepo=epel install lynis
[2] Podstawowe użycie Lynics’a.
# uruchom Lynics’a w celu inicjacji i pierwszego skanowania [root@vlsr01 ~]# lynis audit system [ Lynis 3.0.7 ] ################################################################################ Lynis comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under the terms of the GNU General Public License. See the LICENSE file for details about using this software. 2007-2021, CISOfy - https://cisofy.com/lynis/ Enterprise support available (compliance, plugins, interface and tools) ################################################################################ [+] Initializing program ------------------------------------ - Detecting OS... [ DONE ] - Checking profiles... [ DONE ] - Detecting language and localization [ pl ] /usr/bin/lynis: line 612: [: -lt: unary operator expected --------------------------------------------------- Program version: 3.0.7 Operating system: Linux Operating system name: CentOS Linux Operating system version: 8 Kernel version: 4.18.0 Hardware platform: x86_64 Hostname: vlsr05 --------------------------------------------------- Profiles: /etc/lynis/default.prf Log file: /var/log/lynis.log Report file: /var/log/lynis-report.dat Report version: 1.0 Plugin directory: /usr/share/lynis/plugins --------------------------------------------------- Auditor: [Not Specified] Language: pl Test category: all Test group: all . . . . . Lynis security scan details: Hardening index : 63 [############ ] Tests performed : 237 Plugins enabled : 0 Components: - Firewall [V] - Malware scanner [X] Scan mode: Normal [V] Forensics [ ] Integration [ ] Pentest [ ] Lynis modules: - Compliance status [?] - Security audit [V] - Vulnerability scan [V] Files: - Test and debug information : /var/log/lynis.log - Report data : /var/log/lynis-report.dat ================================================================================ Lynis 3.0.7 Auditing, system hardening, and compliance for UNIX-based systems (Linux, macOS, BSD, and others) 2007-2021, CISOfy - https://cisofy.com/lynis/ Enterprise support available (compliance, plugins, interface and tools) ================================================================================ [TIP]: Enhance Lynis audits by adding your settings to custom.prf (see /etc/lynis/default.prf for all settings)
[3] Raport wyników skanowania jest zapisywany w [/var/log/lynis-report.dat]. Wyszukaj plik słowami [warning] lub [suggestion], a następnie wyświetl zalecane ustawienia, takie jak poniżej.
[root@vlsr01 ~]# grep -E "^warning|^suggestion" /var/log/lynis-report.dat suggestion[]=KRNL-5820|If not required, consider explicit disabling of core dump in /etc/security/limits.conf file|-|-| suggestion[]=AUTH-9229|Check PAM configuration, add rounds if applicable and expire passwords to encrypt with new values|-|-| suggestion[]=AUTH-9230|Configure password hashing rounds in /etc/login.defs|-|-| suggestion[]=AUTH-9282|When possible set expire dates for all password protected accounts|-|-| suggestion[]=AUTH-9286|Configure minimum password age in /etc/login.defs|-|-| suggestion[]=AUTH-9286|Configure maximum password age in /etc/login.defs|-|-| suggestion[]=AUTH-9328|Default umask in /etc/profile or /etc/profile.d/custom.sh could be more strict (e.g. 027)|-|-| suggestion[]=AUTH-9328|Default umask in /etc/login.defs could be more strict like 027|-|-| suggestion[]=FILE-6310|To decrease the impact of a full /tmp file system, place /tmp on a separate partition|-|-| suggestion[]=FILE-6310|To decrease the impact of a full /var file system, place /var on a separate partition|-|-| suggestion[]=USB-1000|Disable drivers like USB storage when not used, to prevent unauthorized storage or data theft|-|-| suggestion[]=STRG-1846|Disable drivers like firewire storage when not used, to prevent unauthorized storage or data theft|-|-| suggestion[]=NAME-4404|Add the IP name and FQDN to /etc/hosts for proper name resolving|-|-| suggestion[]=PKGS-7420|Consider using a tool to automatically apply upgrades|-|-| suggestion[]=NETW-3200|Determine if protocol 'dccp' is really needed on this system|-|-| suggestion[]=NETW-3200|Determine if protocol 'sctp' is really needed on this system|-|-| suggestion[]=NETW-3200|Determine if protocol 'rds' is really needed on this system|-|-| suggestion[]=NETW-3200|Determine if protocol 'tipc' is really needed on this system|-|-| suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|AllowTcpForwarding (set YES to NO)|-| suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|ClientAliveCountMax (set 3 to 2)|-| suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|Compression (set YES to NO)|-| suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|LogLevel (set INFO to VERBOSE)|-| suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|MaxAuthTries (set 6 to 3)|-| suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|MaxSessions (set 10 to 2)|-| suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|PermitRootLogin (set YES to (FORCED-COMMANDS-ONLY|NO|PROHIBIT-PASSWORD|WITHOUT-PASSWORD))|-| suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|Port (set 22 to )|-| suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|TCPKeepAlive (set YES to NO)|-| suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|X11Forwarding (set YES to NO)|-| suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|AllowAgentForwarding (set YES to NO)|-| suggestion[]=LOGG-2154|Enable logging to an external logging host for archiving purposes and additional protection|-|-| suggestion[]=BANN-7126|Add a legal banner to /etc/issue, to warn unauthorized users|-|-| suggestion[]=BANN-7130|Add legal banner to /etc/issue.net, to warn unauthorized users|-|-| suggestion[]=ACCT-9622|Enable process accounting|-|-| suggestion[]=ACCT-9626|Enable sysstat to collect accounting (no results)|-|-| suggestion[]=ACCT-9630|Audit daemon is enabled with an empty ruleset. Disable the daemon or define rules|-|-| suggestion[]=TOOL-5002|Determine if automation tools are present for system management|-|-| suggestion[]=FILE-7524|Consider restricting file permissions|See screen output or log file|text:Use chmod to change file permissions| suggestion[]=KRNL-6000|One or more sysctl values differ from the scan profile and could be tweaked||Change sysctl value or disable test (skip-test=KRNL-6000:<sysctl-key>)| suggestion[]=HRDN-7222|Harden compilers like restricting access to root user only|-|-| suggestion[]=HRDN-7230|Harden the system by installing at least one malware scanner, to perform periodic file system scans|-|Install a tool like rkhunter, chkrootkit, OSSEC|